Ch. 4 Objectives

Ch. 4 Objectives pgs. 86-93; 102-104

For the test: Study the ch. 4 worksheet, including the trimesters matching section

1.     Explain how the cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles apply to prenatal development, and give examples.

2.     Summarize the development that occurs during the germinal stage.

3.     Identify 3 functions of the placenta.

4.     Explain why the embryonic stage is considered a critical period.

5.     Summarize the development that occurs during the embryonic stage.

6.     What factors increase the risk of a spontaneous abortion?

7.     Summarize development that takes place during the fetal stage.

8.     Summarize studies done to monitor fetal hearing, taste, and memory.

9.     What is the purpose of an ultrasound?

10. What is the trend in the U.S regarding prenatal care?

11. Why do rates of low birth weight and premature births continue to rise?

12. What are the 4 aspects of preconception care?
13. Identify the effects of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, nutrition, exercise, caffeine on  prenatal development
14. Identify the effects of HIV, toxoplasmosis, Rh factor, Rubella, paternal factors, maternal age
15. Summarize prenatal care access in the U.S
16. Why do rates of lbw and prematurity continue to rise?
17. Who is most at risk for lbw babies?
18. According to the CDC, what are 4 aspects of preconception care?
19. Read pg 98: Fetal Welfare vs. Mothers' Rights. What is the legal trend regarding mothers who abuse substances during pregnancy?

Ch. 4 Project

For the first couple of days in the tech lab your group is to research background information about your chosen topic.  As you research, consider these questions...

o   Impact on the mother before, during and after pregnancy

o   Impact on the child during prenatal development

o   Impact on the child during the 1^st year of life (short-term effects)

o   Long-term effects on the child

o   Precautions the mother should take

 

Presentation Guidelines:

Part 1

1.     Research: (NOTE: This is an individual requirement)

-        Each student is required to document 30 facts EACH about your chosen topic. Each group member must obtain information from DIFFERENT SOURCES. Use books in the library, articles, credible websites, etc.  Identify the source references in APA format at the top of the page, followed by numbered facts below.  Refer to the APA reference on the blog. Paraphrase, don’t plagiarize, your facts.  Over all, you should cite at least 2 sources.

-        What you are required to research about your topic:

o   Impact on the mother before, during and after pregnancy

o   Impact on the child during prenatal development

o   Impact on the child during the 1^st year of life (short-term effects)

o   Long-term effects on the child

o   Precautions the mother should take

Ch. 4 Assignment

Read the article How the First Nine Months Shape the Rest of Your Life and answer the following questions on a word document. Type all answers in bullet point/note format.


1. Explain the field of "fetal origins," including the goals and claims involved.
2. Summarize David Barker's study  about the occurrence of heart disease in regions of England and Wales.






For #3-6, explain how the following topics are linked to the prenatal environment. Be specific and thorough in your answers.

3. Obesity
4. Type 2 diabetes
5. Air quality/ pollution
6. Stress

Due: Tuesday
Value: 12 points

Ch. 3 Test Guide

The Ch. 3 test will consist of objective (multiple choice) questions as well as short answer questions (like your quiz).
Re-read chapter 3 in your text, study all notes, and review the objectives below. 
Other important resources include the heredity basics worksheet, Nature/nurture video sheet, and Influences of nature/nurture (obesity, intelligence, personality, schizophrenia)

Pgs. 57-68

1.       Identify past theories and beliefs about conception.

2.    What happens during ovulation and fertilization? Define zygote.

3.       What is infertility? Identify causes for males and females.

4.       Cite the difference between monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins. (read green box on pg 62)

5.     Define DNA, chromosomes, genes, genetic code

6.       Define autosomes and sex chromosomes.

7.       How is the sex of the child determined? When does the embryo develop male or female   

 characteristics?

8.    Define alleles and identify the difference between homozygous and heterozygous transmission.

9.       Contrast dominant and recessive inheritance.

10.       What is meant by polygenic inheritance?

11.    Identify the difference between genotype and phenotype.

12.       How is multifactorial transmission linked to both genotype and environment?

13.    Review information on the ch. 3 Heredity Basics worksheet, including reaction range and canalization 

14. Why has the incidence of multiple births increased over the past several decades?

Pgs 68-82

1.      Contrast aspects of dominant and recessive inheritance of defects.

2.      Identify factors associated with sex-linked inheritance.

3.      How do chromosomal abnormalities occur?

4.      Identify the causes and characteristics of Down syndrome and discuss the outlook for a child born with this disorder.

5.      What is genetic counseling? Be sure to read the genetic testing box on pg 75.

Discuss the benefits and risks of genetic testing.

6.      Tell how researchers determine the heritability of a trait.

7.      Identify 3 common types of studies of the influence of hereditary and environmental factors in development.

8.      Explain the concepts of reaction range and canalization, and give at least one example of each.

9.      Give an example of genotype-environment interaction.

10.  Identify and explain 3 types of genotype-environment correlation.

11.  Explain why siblings tend to be more different than alike in intellect and personality, and why each experiences a unique environment within the family.

12. Study nature, nurture worksheet on obesity, intelligence, personality, schizophrenia

Study your Nature/Nurture video objectives